Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a type of psychotherapy that is rooted in mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches. It is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on helping individuals to accept and commit to their experiences while still taking action towards their values and goals.
ACT was developed in the 1980s by Steven C. Hayes, Kelly Wilson, and Kirk Strosahl, and it has since become a popular form of therapy for a wide range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and substance abuse.
The foundation of ACT is based on six core principles:
- Acceptance: Rather than trying to avoid or control unpleasant experiences, individuals learn to accept them as they are, without judgment or avoidance.
- Cognitive Defusion: ACT aims to help individuals see their thoughts as just thoughts, rather than as objective truths that must be acted on.
- Present Moment Awareness: Mindfulness is an important aspect of ACT, and individuals are encouraged to focus on the present moment, rather than getting caught up in past or future concerns.
- Self-as-Context: ACT emphasizes the importance of viewing oneself as a process, rather than a fixed entity or label.
- Values: Individuals are encouraged to clarify their values and identify what is important to them in life.
- Committed Action: ACT emphasizes taking action towards goals and values, even in the presence of uncomfortable thoughts and feelings.
In ACT, therapists work with clients to help them develop psychological flexibility, which is the ability to adapt and respond to various situations and experiences with openness and willingness. This is achieved through a range of mindfulness and acceptance-based techniques, as well as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation.
Some of the techniques used in ACT include mindfulness meditation, metaphors, values clarification, and experiential exercises. ACT is often delivered in a group format, but it can also be delivered in individual therapy.
Overall, ACT is a unique approach to therapy that encourages individuals to accept their experiences and work towards their values, rather than trying to change or control their thoughts and emotions. By building psychological flexibility, individuals can learn to live a rich and meaningful life, even in the face of adversity.