Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health issue marked by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or recurring behaviors or mental actions (compulsions) that an individual feels compelled to carry out. These obsessions and compulsions create substantial distress, disrupting daily activities and negatively affecting one's quality of life.
Frequent examples of obsessive thoughts encompass fears of contamination or sickness, concerns about losing control and causing harm to oneself or others, unwelcome and intrusive sexual or violent thoughts, and an intense need for symmetry or orderliness. Typical compulsions include excessive cleaning and handwashing, constant checking, counting or organizing objects, and repeatedly seeking reassurance.
Individuals with OCD may be aware that their obsessions and compulsions are unreasonable or excessive, but they often feel unable to control them. Compulsions are usually performed to alleviate anxiety stemming from the obsessions. However, the relief is typically short-lived, and anxiety soon re-emerges. This can result in a challenging cycle of obsession and compulsion.
OCD treatment generally entails a blend of medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure and response prevention (ERP). With appropriate treatment, many individuals with OCD can decrease or eliminate their symptoms and enhance their overall well-being.