Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a type of psychotherapy that was originally developed to treat individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it has since been adapted to address other mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance use disorders. DBT is particularly effective for individuals who struggle with emotional dysregulation, impulsive behavior, and interpersonal difficulties.
DBT combines elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with mindfulness practices and dialectical philosophy. The term "dialectical" refers to the process of integrating seemingly opposing concepts, such as acceptance and change. In DBT, therapists work with clients to both accept their current emotional state and work towards positive change.
DBT typically consists of four main components:
- Skills training: Clients attend group sessions where they learn specific skills related to mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. These skills are designed to help individuals manage their emotions, cope with stress, and improve their relationships with others.
- Individual therapy: Clients also participate in individual therapy sessions, where they work with a therapist to apply the skills learned in group sessions to their personal challenges and goals. The therapist helps the client identify and address problematic thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
- Phone coaching: Clients have access to phone coaching with their therapist between sessions for support in applying DBT skills to real-life situations. This can help clients navigate difficult situations and reinforce the use of skills in daily life.
- Therapist consultation team: DBT therapists participate in a consultation team to support their own well-being and ensure they are providing the best possible care for their clients. The team offers guidance, support, and feedback to therapists as they work with clients.
DBT has been shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors, suicidal ideation, and hospitalizations for individuals with BPD and other mental health issues. By teaching clients the skills necessary to manage their emotions and navigate difficult situations, DBT can help individuals improve their overall mental health and well-being.